{"id":1870,"date":"2025-02-05T13:02:25","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T02:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.jennyxu.com\/?p=1870"},"modified":"2025-02-19T18:19:54","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T07:19:54","slug":"presumption-of-innocence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.jennyxu.com\/en\/blog\/sentences\/presumption-of-innocence\/","title":{"rendered":"\u68c0\u65b9\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u8db3\u80fd\u5224\u6709\u7f6a\u5417\uff1f\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u62a4\u72af\u7f6a\u5acc\u7591\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:30px\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ag.gov.au\/rights-and-protections\/human-rights-and-anti-discrimination\/human-rights-scrutiny\/public-sector-guidance-sheets\/presumption-innocence#:~:text=The%20presumption%20of%20innocence%20imposes,been%20proved%20beyond%20reasonable%20doubt.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0<\/a>\u539f\u5219\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/by%20Subject\/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Criminal%20justice%20system~60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6<\/a>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u6392\u9664\u5408\u7406\u6000\u7591\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u7f6a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5747\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65e0\u7f6a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5dde\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.austlii.edu.au\/cgi-bin\/viewdoc\/au\/legis\/nsw\/consol_act\/ea199580\/s141.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u300a1995\u5e74\u8bc1\u636e\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c141\u6761<\/a>\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u8bc9\u65b9\u8bc1\u660e\u88ab\u544a\u6709\u7f6a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u88ab\u63a8\u5b9a\u5bf9\u6240\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u65e0\u7f6a\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u4fdd\u62a4\u88ab\u544a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u81ea\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ag.gov.au\/crime\/publications\/commonwealth-criminal-code-guide-practitioners-draft\/part-26-proof-criminal-responsibility\/division-13\/131-legal-burden-proof-prosecution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb<\/a>\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u8005\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Roman-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><strong>\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5<\/strong><\/a>\uff1a\u6700\u65e9\u5f3a\u8c03\u6307\u63a7\u65b9\u8d1f\u6709\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/common-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u9519\u8bef\u5b9a\u7f6a\u548c\u6ee5\u7528\u6743\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5dde\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5211\u4e8b\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u902e\u6355\u3001\u6307\u63a7\u548c\u5ead\u5ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ee5\u7528\u6743\u529b\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u540d\u8a89\u9020\u6210\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">\u4fdd\u91ca\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u4fdd\u91ca\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4fdd\u91ca\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u539f\u5219\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u672a\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u7f6a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65e0\u7f6a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u5728\u4fdd\u91ca\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u62a4\u793e\u533a\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u544a\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alrc.gov.au\/publication\/traditional-rights-and-freedoms-encroachments-by-commonwealth-laws-alrc-interim-report-127\/10-fair-trial\/a-common-law-right-7\/#:~:text=a%20defendant%20has%20a%20right,prove%20his%20or%20her%20guilt.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><strong>\u7ef4\u62a4\u88ab\u544a\u6743\u76ca<\/strong><\/a>\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u65bd\u52a0\u8fc7\u591a\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u4fdd\u91ca\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/localcourt.nsw.gov.au\/types-of-cases\/bail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u4fdd\u91ca\u6761\u4ef6<\/a>\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5e94\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u544a\u6309\u65f6\u51fa\u5ead\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u4f17\u5b89\u5168\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5177\u6709\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u3002\u82e5\u4fdd\u91ca\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8bc9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bfb\u6c42\u53f8\u6cd5\u6551\u6d4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">\u575a\u5b88\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u539f\u5219\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u5a92\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u538b\u529b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u53f8\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u6ee5\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u754c\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u8d2f\u5f7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6cd5\u5f8b\u754c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u6cd5\u5b98<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u575a\u5b88\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.judcom.nsw.gov.au\/publications\/benchbks\/judicial_officers\/judicial_independence_from_what_and_to_what_end.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u53f8\u6cd5\u72ec\u7acb<\/a>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98<\/strong>\uff1a\u9075\u5faa\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5224\u51b3\u516c\u6b63\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">\u4e86\u89e3\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u60a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u76ca<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5dde\uff0c\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u88ab\u544a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u53f8\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u9700\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u7591\u7f6a\u4ece\u65e0\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/new.jennyxu.com\/blog\/sentences\/suspended-sentence\/\">\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/a>\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb Jenny Xu 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